tiga peranti lunak yang menjadi jantung mesin pencari

1. Spider.


“Laba-laba” ini pekerjaanya merayap ke mana-mana, mencari halaman-halaman web baru, kemudian mengumpulkan dan menyimpannya indeks mesin pencarian. Itulah metafora yang sering didengungkan oleh banyak ahli. Namun, sesungguhnya cara kerja laba-laba tidak seperti itu. Spider meminta halaman sebagai mana layaknya browser meminta halaman web dari situs yang diakses agar bisa tampil di layar komputer.

Bedanya, spider tidak mengumpulkan gambar dan bentuk. Spider hanya tertarik pada teks dan tautan serta URL. Mengapa spider doyan tautan? Gampang saja, begitu menemukan tautan, maka ia akan menemukan halaman web lain. Begitu seterusnya. Jadi, rahasianya adalah segitiga: teks, tautan, URL.

2. Index.


Piranti lunak Index menangkap halaman web apapun yang dilempar oleh Spider. Tentu ini juga metafora. Sesungguhnya, piranti lunak Index ini mengelola lautan teks, tautan dan URL dengan algoritma (formula matematika rumit yang mengindeks kata, pasangan kata, dan seterusnya).


Pada dasarnya pekerjaan algoritma adalah menganalisa halaman dan tautan untuk berbagai kombinasi kata, kemudian memberi nilai, sehingga search engine dapat memberikan penilaian seberapa penting sebuah halaman bagi si pencarinya. Informasi mengenai hal ini disimpan sebaik mungkin agar bisa diakses oleh pencari.

3. Query.


Inilah yang kita lihat ketika kita berkunjung ke search engine — tampilan (front-end) yang seringkali kita anggap sebagai search engine. Fitur utama query adalah kotak kecil di mana kita mengetikkan kata yang ingin kita cari. Coba ketikkan kata yang Anda cari, kemudian enter atau tekan tombol search, maka mesin pencarian akan menampilkan hasil terbaik dari data yang disimpan di mesin indeks.

web 3.0

What is web 3.0?

Web 3.0 is the next paradigm shift of the internet taking the best of web 2.0 including rich internet  application and social media, and bringing them to mobile device, netbook and digital signane

information is searched for filtered, personalized and delivered to end users based on preferences, biofeedback and location

so Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic Web technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, and autonomous agents.

The web technologies that will realize Web 3.0 are:

1. RDF: Resource Description Framework or RDF, created by the W3C Consortium, the creators of markup languages like HTML, DHTML, SGML, etc., is a scheme that can be used to describe the resources on the Web. The model, which is based on XML syntax, is mainly used to describe metadata information on the Internet, such as title, author, date of modification of web page, etc. For instance, the Creative Commons license widget uses the RDF/XML scheme for describing the license details.

2. XML: The Extensible Markup Language is a general-purpose markup scheme that can be used to generate custom markups. XML is such a highly versatile markup scheme that it lets the users define their own elements, enabling seamless compatibility.

3. OWL (Web Ontology Language): OWL is another creation of W3C. It’s a knowledge representation scheme, used to script ontologies (the interrelationships between terms in any application document).

Why we need web 3.0?

When you search for something, you usually put a keyword in the search engine box, click the search button, and you get the results within seconds. What the search engine does in that time is that it searches for the keyword through the websites indexed by it. And retrieves the results, containing the search term. At the end, it reorders the retrieved results according to the relevance, which is analyzed not based on the actual usefulness, but based on incoming links, number of times the keyword appearing on the page, etc. In case of Google, its value is known as PageRank.

Think of the Web as a huge, massive library of size several times greater than the New York Public Library. It’s one hell of a whopping building, with well over ten million books. And the most important thing about it is, there is no organization whatever. The books are just scattered on the racks—fiction, science, medical, financial, all the subjects interspersed with each other. So, you will find a John Grisham thriller in between two financial titles, the classic, Ramayana beside The Undermined Human Genes, and Technique of Floral Decorations among Stephen King’s Different Seasons and Insurance Woes by John Kenner.

Now, if you are to find one book from this Web library, and you only know the title, then what you do is that you start from one end of the library, and go through to the other and hope that by chance you will find the book somewhere. And the search engines help you out in finding the title. It just makes the search faster, by enabling agent-based search from different nodes—parts of the network—making the search faster. So, if it finds a Stephen King fiction with reference to floral decoration on a page, you will get that as result on searching for floral decorations. Is it worthy to you? Not at all.

Why this happens to us is because the search engine bots, the programs those search for information on the Web, don’t know whether the search result has any meaning or not. They just search and retrieve the ones, which seem to be important. They retrieve the sites containing the keywords searched for. The reason behind this is that the machines don’t understand any data they process.

How Will Web 3.0 Work?

It will be aimed at making web usage to be an increasingly more personal experience for a web user. The information presented to him will be modified according to his specific needs and past searches on the web. The web will be like a close friend or an assistant who knows enough about you to know what you want. While this idea seems ludicrous, that is one of the goals of Web 3.0. We are already taking steps towards it through social networking sites like Facebook, that provide information tailored to a user's expectations.

The information that a user needs will be exactly provided to him through the use of a semantic web and an online profile that details many aspects of his or her life.